diff --git a/config/config.exs b/config/config.exs
index 8ea98577..5b8ba69d 100644
--- a/config/config.exs
+++ b/config/config.exs
@@ -58,11 +58,6 @@ config :music_library, LastFm,
   user_agent: user_agent,
   api_cooldown: 500
 
-config :music_library, MusicLibrary.ListeningStats.Refresh,
-  auto_refresh: true,
-  # refresh every 5 minutes
-  refresh_interval: System.convert_time_unit(300, :second, :millisecond)
-
 config :music_library, MusicBrainz, user_agent: user_agent, api_cooldown: 500
 
 config :music_library, Discogs,
diff --git a/config/dev.exs b/config/dev.exs
index 1a6ca95a..2a702505 100644
--- a/config/dev.exs
+++ b/config/dev.exs
@@ -81,8 +81,15 @@ config :music_library, monitoring_routes: true
 
 config :music_library, MusicLibrary.Mailer, adapter: Swoosh.Adapters.Local
 
-config :music_library, MusicLibrary.ListeningStats.Refresh,
-  refresh_interval: System.convert_time_unit(500, :second, :millisecond)
+config :music_library, Oban,
+  plugins: [
+    {Oban.Plugins.Cron,
+     timezone: "Europe/London",
+     crontab: [
+       # every 8 minutes (closest cron equivalent to previous 500s dev interval)
+       {"*/8 * * * *", MusicLibrary.Worker.RefreshScrobbles}
+     ]}
+  ]
 
 # Do not include metadata nor timestamps in development logs
 config :logger, :default_formatter, format: "[$level] $message\n"
diff --git a/config/prod.exs b/config/prod.exs
index 97e04c58..3718c3fd 100644
--- a/config/prod.exs
+++ b/config/prod.exs
@@ -46,7 +46,9 @@ config :music_library, Oban,
        {"0 9 1 * *", MusicLibrary.Worker.ArtistRefreshAllDiscogsData},
        {"0 10 1 * *", MusicLibrary.Worker.ArtistRefreshAllWikipediaData},
        # daily at 7 am
-       {"0 7 * * *", MusicLibrary.Worker.SendRecordsOnThisDayEmail}
+       {"0 7 * * *", MusicLibrary.Worker.SendRecordsOnThisDayEmail},
+       # every 5 minutes
+       {"*/5 * * * *", MusicLibrary.Worker.RefreshScrobbles}
      ]}
   ]
 
diff --git a/config/test.exs b/config/test.exs
index 5ff7d4b8..616bca6c 100644
--- a/config/test.exs
+++ b/config/test.exs
@@ -62,8 +62,6 @@ config :music_library, LastFm,
   ],
   api_cooldown: 0
 
-config :music_library, MusicLibrary.ListeningStats.Refresh, auto_refresh: false
-
 config :music_library, MusicBrainz,
   req_options: [
     plug: {Req.Test, MusicBrainz.API},
diff --git a/docs/architecture.md b/docs/architecture.md
index d756aa07..7b193651 100644
--- a/docs/architecture.md
+++ b/docs/architecture.md
@@ -39,7 +39,6 @@ MusicLibrary.Application (one_for_one)
 ├── Ecto.Migrator                # Auto-migration on boot
 ├── Task.Supervisor (MusicLibrary.TaskSupervisor)
 ├── Phoenix.PubSub (:music_library)
-├── MusicLibrary.ListeningStats.Refresh  # GenServer, periodic scrobble fetch
 └── MusicLibraryWeb.Endpoint
 ```
 
@@ -198,6 +197,7 @@ stubbed via `Req.Test` (configured in `config/test.exs`).
 | `ArtistRefreshAllMusicBrainzData` | music_brainz | Manual / cron (bulk refresh via Artists.Batch) |
 | `ArtistRefreshAllDiscogsData` | discogs | Manual / cron (bulk refresh via Artists.Batch) |
 | `ArtistRefreshAllWikipediaData` | wikipedia | Manual / cron (bulk refresh via Artists.Batch) |
+| `RefreshScrobbles` | last_fm | Cron / manual (fetch recent Last.fm scrobbles) |
 | `BackfillScrobbledTracks` | heavy_writes | Manual (self-chaining batch import) |
 | `SendRecordsOnThisDayEmail` | default | Cron (daily "records on this day" email) |
 
@@ -216,6 +216,7 @@ stubbed via `Req.Test` (configured in `config/test.exs`).
 | Monthly 1st, 9 AM | `ArtistRefreshAllDiscogsData` | discogs |
 | Monthly 1st, 10 AM | `ArtistRefreshAllWikipediaData` | wikipedia |
 | Daily 7 AM | `SendRecordsOnThisDayEmail` | default |
+| Every 5 min | `RefreshScrobbles` | last_fm |
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/lib/music_library/application.ex b/lib/music_library/application.ex
index 823af511..b031ef49 100644
--- a/lib/music_library/application.ex
+++ b/lib/music_library/application.ex
@@ -24,9 +24,6 @@ defmodule MusicLibrary.Application do
        repos: Application.fetch_env!(:music_library, :ecto_repos), skip: skip_migrations?()},
       {Task.Supervisor, name: MusicLibrary.TaskSupervisor},
       {Phoenix.PubSub, name: MusicLibrary.PubSub},
-      {MusicLibrary.ListeningStats.Refresh,
-       {LastFm.Config.resolve(:music_library),
-        Application.fetch_env!(:music_library, MusicLibrary.ListeningStats.Refresh)}},
       # Start a worker by calling: MusicLibrary.Worker.start_link(arg)
       # {MusicLibrary.Worker, arg},
       # Start to serve requests, typically the last entry
diff --git a/lib/music_library/listening_stats.ex b/lib/music_library/listening_stats.ex
index c730e186..10678f72 100644
--- a/lib/music_library/listening_stats.ex
+++ b/lib/music_library/listening_stats.ex
@@ -15,7 +15,6 @@ defmodule MusicLibrary.ListeningStats do
     Artists,
     BackgroundRepo,
     Collection,
-    ListeningStats.Refresh,
     Records.ArtistRecord,
     Records.Record,
     Repo,
@@ -76,9 +75,10 @@ defmodule MusicLibrary.ListeningStats do
     Phoenix.PubSub.subscribe(MusicLibrary.PubSub, "listening_stats:update")
   end
 
-  @spec refresh() :: :ok | {:error, term()}
+  @spec refresh() :: {:ok, Oban.Job.t()} | {:error, Ecto.Changeset.t()}
   def refresh do
-    Refresh.refresh()
+    Worker.RefreshScrobbles.new(%{})
+    |> Oban.insert()
   end
 
   @spec lowest_scrobbled_at_uts() :: integer() | nil
diff --git a/lib/music_library/listening_stats/refresh.ex b/lib/music_library/listening_stats/refresh.ex
deleted file mode 100644
index c3d4b86c..00000000
--- a/lib/music_library/listening_stats/refresh.ex
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,101 +0,0 @@
-defmodule MusicLibrary.ListeningStats.Refresh do
-  @moduledoc """
-  A GenServer that manages periodic refreshing of Last.fm scrobbled tracks.
-
-  Fetches recent tracks from Last.fm at configurable intervals and persists
-  them via `MusicLibrary.ListeningStats.update/1`.
-
-  ## Configuration
-
-  Accepts a tuple of `{LastFm.Config.t(), keyword()}` where the keyword list contains:
-  - `auto_refresh` — when true, automatically starts refreshing on init
-  - `refresh_interval` — time in milliseconds between refresh attempts
-
-  ## Operation Modes
-
-  1. Automatic Mode (`auto_refresh: true`):
-     - Starts refreshing immediately on initialization
-     - Continues to refresh at the configured interval
-     - Handles failures gracefully by continuing to retry
-
-  2. Manual Mode (`auto_refresh: false`):
-     - Server remains dormant on initialization
-     - Refreshes only occur via explicit `refresh/0` calls
-  """
-
-  use GenServer
-
-  alias LastFm.{API, Config}
-  alias MusicLibrary.ListeningStats
-
-  @type state :: %{
-          api_config: Config.t(),
-          auto_refresh: boolean(),
-          refresh_interval: pos_integer()
-        }
-
-  @spec start_link({Config.t(), keyword()}) :: GenServer.on_start()
-  def start_link({api_config, refresh_opts}) do
-    state = %{
-      api_config: api_config,
-      auto_refresh: Keyword.get(refresh_opts, :auto_refresh, true),
-      refresh_interval: Keyword.get(refresh_opts, :refresh_interval, 60_000)
-    }
-
-    GenServer.start_link(__MODULE__, state, name: __MODULE__)
-  end
-
-  @spec refresh() :: :ok
-  def refresh do
-    GenServer.call(__MODULE__, :refresh, 10_000)
-  end
-
-  @impl true
-  @spec init(state) :: {:ok, state, {:continue, :refresh}} | :ignore
-  def init(state) do
-    if state.auto_refresh do
-      {:ok, state, {:continue, :refresh}}
-    else
-      :ignore
-    end
-  end
-
-  @impl true
-  @spec handle_call(:refresh, GenServer.from(), state) ::
-          {:reply, :ok | {:error, term()}, state, pos_integer()}
-  def handle_call(:refresh, _from, state) do
-    case API.get_recent_tracks(state.api_config) do
-      {:ok, tracks} ->
-        ListeningStats.update(tracks)
-        {:reply, :ok, state, state.refresh_interval}
-
-      error ->
-        {:reply, error, state, state.refresh_interval}
-    end
-  end
-
-  @impl true
-  @spec handle_continue(atom(), state) :: {:noreply, state, pos_integer()}
-  def handle_continue(:refresh, state), do: do_refresh(state)
-
-  @impl true
-  @spec handle_info(atom(), state) :: {:noreply, state, pos_integer()}
-  def handle_info(:refresh, state), do: do_refresh(state)
-
-  def handle_info(:timeout, state), do: do_refresh(state)
-
-  defp do_refresh(state) do
-    case API.get_recent_tracks(state.api_config) do
-      {:ok, tracks} ->
-        ListeningStats.update(tracks)
-        {:noreply, state, state.refresh_interval}
-
-      {:error, error} ->
-        if API.ErrorResponse.retryable_error?(error) do
-          {:noreply, state, API.ErrorResponse.retry_delay(error)}
-        else
-          {:stop, error, state}
-        end
-    end
-  end
-end
diff --git a/lib/music_library/worker/refresh_scrobbles.ex b/lib/music_library/worker/refresh_scrobbles.ex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..d56c1566
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/music_library/worker/refresh_scrobbles.ex
@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+defmodule MusicLibrary.Worker.RefreshScrobbles do
+  @moduledoc """
+  Fetches recent scrobbled tracks from Last.fm and persists them.
+
+  Scheduled via Oban Cron and can be triggered manually via
+  `MusicLibrary.ListeningStats.refresh/0`.
+  """
+
+  use Oban.Worker,
+    queue: :last_fm,
+    max_attempts: 3,
+    unique: [period: 60, states: [:available, :scheduled, :executing]]
+
+  alias LastFm.{API, Config}
+  alias MusicLibrary.ListeningStats
+
+  @impl Oban.Worker
+  def perform(_job) do
+    api_config = Config.resolve(:music_library)
+
+    case API.get_recent_tracks(api_config) do
+      {:ok, tracks} ->
+        ListeningStats.update(tracks)
+        :ok
+
+      {:error, %API.ErrorResponse{error: error} = resp} ->
+        if API.ErrorResponse.retryable_error?(error) do
+          seconds = error |> API.ErrorResponse.retry_delay() |> div(1000)
+          {:snooze, seconds}
+        else
+          {:cancel, inspect(resp)}
+        end
+    end
+  end
+end