diff --git a/docs/architecture.md b/docs/architecture.md
index 743b672b..7352bdb0 100644
--- a/docs/architecture.md
+++ b/docs/architecture.md
@@ -105,6 +105,7 @@ Last.fm schemas (separate, not Ecto-persisted to main DB):
 | `Search` | (cross-context) | Universal search across collection, wishlist, artists, record sets |
 | `Secrets` | Secret | Encrypted key-value storage |
 | `BarcodeScan` | (Result struct) | Barcode → MusicBrainz lookup workflow |
+| `Maintenance` | (Oban.Job) | Background job monitoring, database vacuum/optimize |
 
 ---
 
diff --git a/lib/music_library/maintenance.ex b/lib/music_library/maintenance.ex
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..02535940
--- /dev/null
+++ b/lib/music_library/maintenance.ex
@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+defmodule MusicLibrary.Maintenance do
+  @moduledoc """
+  Context for database maintenance operations and background job monitoring.
+  """
+
+  import Ecto.Query
+
+  alias MusicLibrary.BackgroundRepo
+  alias MusicLibrary.Repo
+
+  @doc """
+  Counts active Oban jobs for the given worker module name.
+
+  Active jobs are those in "available", "scheduled", "executing", or "retryable" states.
+  """
+  def count_active_jobs(worker) do
+    query =
+      from j in Oban.Job,
+        where: j.worker == ^worker,
+        where: j.state in ["available", "scheduled", "executing", "retryable"],
+        select: count(j.id)
+
+    BackgroundRepo.one(query)
+  end
+
+  @doc """
+  Runs VACUUM on the main database.
+  """
+  def vacuum do
+    Repo.vacuum()
+  end
+
+  @doc """
+  Runs PRAGMA optimize on the main database.
+  """
+  def optimize do
+    Repo.optimize()
+  end
+end
diff --git a/lib/music_library_web/live/maintenance_live/index.ex b/lib/music_library_web/live/maintenance_live/index.ex
index 55344263..247b5183 100644
--- a/lib/music_library_web/live/maintenance_live/index.ex
+++ b/lib/music_library_web/live/maintenance_live/index.ex
@@ -1,14 +1,11 @@
 defmodule MusicLibraryWeb.MaintenanceLive.Index do
   use MusicLibraryWeb, :live_view
 
-  import Ecto.Query
-
   require Logger
 
   alias MusicLibrary.Artists
-  alias MusicLibrary.BackgroundRepo
+  alias MusicLibrary.Maintenance
   alias MusicLibrary.Records
-  alias MusicLibrary.Repo
 
   @poll_interval 2_000
 
@@ -186,40 +183,30 @@ defmodule MusicLibraryWeb.MaintenanceLive.Index do
     socket
     |> assign(
       :refresh_records_musicbrainz_jobs,
-      count_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.RecordRefreshMusicBrainzData")
+      Maintenance.count_active_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.RecordRefreshMusicBrainzData")
     )
     |> assign(
       :generate_record_embeddings_jobs,
-      count_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.GenerateRecordEmbedding")
+      Maintenance.count_active_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.GenerateRecordEmbedding")
     )
     |> assign(
       :refresh_artists_musicbrainz_jobs,
-      count_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.ArtistRefreshMusicBrainzData")
+      Maintenance.count_active_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.ArtistRefreshMusicBrainzData")
     )
     |> assign(
       :refresh_artists_discogs_jobs,
-      count_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.ArtistRefreshDiscogsData")
+      Maintenance.count_active_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.ArtistRefreshDiscogsData")
     )
     |> assign(
       :refresh_artists_wikipedia_jobs,
-      count_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.ArtistRefreshWikipediaData")
+      Maintenance.count_active_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.ArtistRefreshWikipediaData")
     )
     |> assign(
       :refresh_artists_lastfm_jobs,
-      count_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.FetchArtistLastFmData")
+      Maintenance.count_active_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.FetchArtistLastFmData")
     )
   end
 
-  defp count_jobs(worker) do
-    query =
-      from j in Oban.Job,
-        where: j.worker == ^worker,
-        where: j.state in ["available", "scheduled", "executing", "retryable"],
-        select: count(j.id)
-
-    BackgroundRepo.one(query)
-  end
-
   @impl true
   def handle_event("refresh_records_musicbrainz_data", _params, socket) do
     Records.Batch.refresh_musicbrainz_data()
@@ -270,7 +257,7 @@ defmodule MusicLibraryWeb.MaintenanceLive.Index do
   end
 
   def handle_event("db_vacuum", _params, socket) do
-    case Repo.vacuum() do
+    case Maintenance.vacuum() do
       {:ok, _result} ->
         {:noreply,
          socket
@@ -286,7 +273,7 @@ defmodule MusicLibraryWeb.MaintenanceLive.Index do
   end
 
   def handle_event("db_optimize", _params, socket) do
-    case Repo.optimize() do
+    case Maintenance.optimize() do
       {:ok, _result} ->
         {:noreply,
          socket
diff --git a/test/music_library/maintenance_test.exs b/test/music_library/maintenance_test.exs
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..754d6e61
--- /dev/null
+++ b/test/music_library/maintenance_test.exs
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+defmodule MusicLibrary.MaintenanceTest do
+  use MusicLibrary.DataCase
+
+  alias MusicLibrary.Maintenance
+
+  describe "vacuum/0" do
+    test "delegates to Repo.vacuum/0" do
+      # VACUUM cannot run inside the Ecto sandbox transaction,
+      # so we verify it attempts the operation and returns the expected tuple shape.
+      assert {:error, %Exqlite.Error{message: "cannot VACUUM from within a transaction"}} =
+               Maintenance.vacuum()
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "optimize/0" do
+    test "returns {:ok, _}" do
+      assert {:ok, _} = Maintenance.optimize()
+    end
+  end
+
+  describe "count_active_jobs/1" do
+    test "returns 0 for a worker with no jobs" do
+      assert Maintenance.count_active_jobs("MusicLibrary.Worker.NonExistent") == 0
+    end
+  end
+end